docs: align with new storage architecture (s3 + local + server-proxied PUT)

All operator- and developer-facing docs updated to reflect:

  - The unified AsyncStorageBackend abstraction (s3 + local backends).
  - The STORAGE_BACKEND toggle ("s3" default, "local" for dev /
    single-node / air-gapped deployments).
  - The 4-purpose-bucket layout (workspace / version / run_log / trash)
    in both modes — 4 separate S3 buckets in s3 mode, 4 subdirectories
    of LOCAL_STORAGE_BASE_DIR in local mode.
  - The S3_* env var naming (was RUSTFS_*).
  - The server-proxied upload flow (was browser-direct presign-PUT):
    POST /internal/v1/uploads → PUT /internal/v1/uploads/{id} with
    raw bytes → server calls backend.put().
  - The factory helpers workspaces_root() (runtime's view of the
    workspace bucket on disk) and rclone_remote_spec() (s3-mode mount
    source).
  - The "two settings describing the same thing" cleanup: the deleted
    settings.workspace_root, settings.workspaces_root, and
    settings.remote_bucket fields.

Files touched:
  - API.md (§5 data-resource upload flow, §9 storage control plane,
    §10 readiness example)
  - ARCHITECTURE.md (storage layer diagram)
  - CLAUDE.md (architecture description + volume-preservation note)
  - DEVELOP.md (settings list, Storage section, "Wire a new bucket"
    how-to, dev-export example, troubleshooting network hint)
  - README.md (architecture diagram, container table, quick-start
    credentials note, tear-down note, Storage layout section)
  - REFACTOR_NOTES.md (final container list with s3 explanation)
  - backend/README.md (storage backend description)
  - migrations/data/README.md (step 11/12 record mentioning object
    storage)

A handful of historical "RustFS" mentions are intentionally retained
where they name a specific S3-compatible product (e.g. as an example
in REFACTOR_NOTES.md's container list) or document the pre-2026
abstraction name (DEVELOP.md Storage section).

REFACTOR_NOTES.md

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
 ```text
 mysql
-rustfs
-jupyter
+s3                # 外部 S3-兼容服务（MinIO/RustFS/SeaweedFS/...），由运维在 compose 外启动
+jupyter            # 注释保留；当前实现未在 compose 启此独立容器
 migrate（一次性）
 backend
 runtime
@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ schedule
 gateway
 ```
 
+> 补充说明：`STORAGE_BACKEND=local` 模式下不需要外部 S3 服务，backend
+> 与 runtime 共享 docker 卷 `local-storage`，挂载到
+> `LOCAL_STORAGE_BASE_DIR`（默认 `/data/storage`）；runtime 也跳过
+> rclone FUSE 挂载（见 `runtime/src/runtime/mount.py`）。
+
 ## 已执行检查
 
 - Python 全项目 `compileall` 通过；