update by wensicheng on 0629
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tao.chen
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---
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name: bash-linux
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description: "Bash/Linux terminal patterns. Critical commands, piping, error handling, scripting. Use when working on macOS or Linux systems."
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risk: unknown
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source: community
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date_added: "2026-02-27"
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description: 当需要在 Linux/macOS Bash 环境或容器内查文件、搜文本、跑脚本、看日志、处理进程、使用管道、环境变量或编写小型 shell 命令时使用。它是辅助命令行规范，不属于 SQL 业务流水线。
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---
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# Bash Linux Patterns
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# Bash Linux（命令行规范）
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> Essential patterns for Bash on Linux/macOS.
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## 目标
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---
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让 agent 在 Bash/Linux/容器环境下用稳定、可解释、低风险的方式执行命令。先观察，再操作；先缩小范围，再修改。
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## 1. Operator Syntax
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## 基本原则
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### Chaining Commands
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- 查文件优先用 `rg --files`，不可用时用 `find`。
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- 搜内容优先用 `rg -n`。
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- 读文件用 `sed -n`、`head`、`tail` 控制输出量。
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- 脚本使用 `set -euo pipefail`。
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- 路径和变量要加引号。
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- 删除、移动、改权限前必须确认目标范围。
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- 长日志只摘关键部分，不整屏倾倒。
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- 容器内的 `127.0.0.1` 指向容器自己，不等于宿主机。
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| Operator | Meaning | Example |
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|----------|---------|---------|
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| `;` | Run sequentially | `cmd1; cmd2` |
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| `&&` | Run if previous succeeded | `npm install && npm run dev` |
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| `\|\|` | Run if previous failed | `npm test \|\| echo "Tests failed"` |
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| `\|` | Pipe output | `ls \| grep ".js"` |
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---
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## 2. File Operations
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### Essential Commands
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| Task | Command |
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|------|---------|
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| List all | `ls -la` |
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| Find files | `find . -name "*.js" -type f` |
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| File content | `cat file.txt` |
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| First N lines | `head -n 20 file.txt` |
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| Last N lines | `tail -n 20 file.txt` |
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| Follow log | `tail -f log.txt` |
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| Search in files | `grep -r "pattern" --include="*.js"` |
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| File size | `du -sh *` |
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| Disk usage | `df -h` |
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---
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## 3. Process Management
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| Task | Command |
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|------|---------|
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| List processes | `ps aux` |
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| Find by name | `ps aux \| grep node` |
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| Kill by PID | `kill -9 <PID>` |
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| Find port user | `lsof -i :3000` |
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| Kill port | `kill -9 $(lsof -t -i :3000)` |
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| Background | `npm run dev &` |
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| Jobs | `jobs -l` |
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| Bring to front | `fg %1` |
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---
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## 4. Text Processing
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### Core Tools
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| Tool | Purpose | Example |
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|------|---------|---------|
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| `grep` | Search | `grep -rn "TODO" src/` |
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| `sed` | Replace | `sed -i 's/old/new/g' file.txt` |
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| `awk` | Extract columns | `awk '{print $1}' file.txt` |
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| `cut` | Cut fields | `cut -d',' -f1 data.csv` |
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| `sort` | Sort lines | `sort -u file.txt` |
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| `uniq` | Unique lines | `sort file.txt \| uniq -c` |
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| `wc` | Count | `wc -l file.txt` |
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---
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## 5. Environment Variables
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| Task | Command |
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|------|---------|
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| View all | `env` or `printenv` |
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| View one | `echo $PATH` |
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| Set temporary | `export VAR="value"` |
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| Set in script | `VAR="value" command` |
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| Add to PATH | `export PATH="$PATH:/new/path"` |
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---
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## 6. Network
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| Task | Command |
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|------|---------|
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| Download | `curl -O https://example.com/file` |
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| API request | `curl -X GET https://api.example.com` |
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| POST JSON | `curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"key":"value"}' URL` |
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| Check port | `nc -zv localhost 3000` |
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| Network info | `ifconfig` or `ip addr` |
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---
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## 7. Script Template
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## 常用命令
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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set -euo pipefail # Exit on error, undefined var, pipe fail
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pwd
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ls -la
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find . -type f -name '*.py'
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rg -n "keyword" .
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sed -n '1,120p' file.txt
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head -n 40 file.txt
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tail -n 100 app.log
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wc -l file.txt
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```
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# Colors (optional)
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RED='\033[0;31m'
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GREEN='\033[0;32m'
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NC='\033[0m'
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## Docker/容器排查
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# Script directory
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SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
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```bash
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docker ps
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docker logs --tail 100 <container>
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docker exec -it <container> sh
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getent hosts host.docker.internal
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curl -fsS http://host.docker.internal:8000/health
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```
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# Functions
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log_info() { echo -e "${GREEN}[INFO]${NC} $1"; }
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log_error() { echo -e "${RED}[ERROR]${NC} $1" >&2; }
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## 进程和端口
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```bash
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ps aux | grep '[p]ython'
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lsof -i :8000
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kill <pid>
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```
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## 脚本模板
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```bash
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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set -euo pipefail
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# Main
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main() {
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log_info "Starting..."
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# Your logic here
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log_info "Done!"
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if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
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echo "usage: $0 <arg>" >&2
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exit 2
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fi
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echo "arg=$1"
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}
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main "$@"
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```
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---
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## 输出报告
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## 8. Common Patterns
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### Check if command exists
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```bash
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if command -v node &> /dev/null; then
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echo "Node is installed"
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fi
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```yaml
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command_report:
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purpose: "为什么运行"
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command: "命令摘要"
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result: success | failed | skipped
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important_output: "关键输出"
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next_step: "下一步"
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```
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### Default variable value
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## 禁止行为
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```bash
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NAME=${1:-"default_value"}
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```
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### Read file line by line
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```bash
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while IFS= read -r line; do
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echo "$line"
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done < file.txt
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```
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### Loop over files
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```bash
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for file in *.js; do
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echo "Processing $file"
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done
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```
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---
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## 9. Differences from PowerShell
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| Task | PowerShell | Bash |
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|------|------------|------|
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| List files | `Get-ChildItem` | `ls -la` |
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| Find files | `Get-ChildItem -Recurse` | `find . -type f` |
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| Environment | `$env:VAR` | `$VAR` |
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| String concat | `"$a$b"` | `"$a$b"` (same) |
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| Null check | `if ($x)` | `if [ -n "$x" ]` |
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| Pipeline | Object-based | Text-based |
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---
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## 10. Error Handling
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### Set options
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```bash
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set -e # Exit on error
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set -u # Exit on undefined variable
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set -o pipefail # Exit on pipe failure
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set -x # Debug: print commands
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```
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### Trap for cleanup
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```bash
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cleanup() {
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echo "Cleaning up..."
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rm -f /tmp/tempfile
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}
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trap cleanup EXIT
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```
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---
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> **Remember:** Bash is text-based. Use `&&` for success chains, `set -e` for safety, and quote your variables!
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## When to Use
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This skill is applicable to execute the workflow or actions described in the overview.
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## Limitations
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- Use this skill only when the task clearly matches the scope described above.
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- Do not treat the output as a substitute for environment-specific validation, testing, or expert review.
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- Stop and ask for clarification if required inputs, permissions, safety boundaries, or success criteria are missing.
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- 不要对未确认路径执行递归删除。
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- 不要把不可信文件名直接拼进危险命令。
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- 不要默认 GNU 命令参数在 macOS 上一定可用。
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- 不要留下用户不需要的后台进程。
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- 不要在没确认网络边界时把容器 localhost 当宿主机。
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Reference in New Issue
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